Laying hen breeding has gone through four stages: traditional breeding: that is, farmers raise chickens in exchange for firewood, rice, oil and salt; collective production team breeding; and through the mechanization and scale of the market system to today’s automation. The use of automated equipment is an epoch-making sign in the layer breeding industry, a sign of liberating productivity, and a sign of large-scale and intensified layer breeding. At present, Hantang Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. has changed the traditional breeding and realized fully automated breeding. Through the practice in recent years and the field operation in Hantang Livestock Co., Ltd., we have analyzed the effect of realizing fully automated breeding.
- Test equipment
1.1 Stacked brooding cage breeding equipment
The whole chicken house has 3 rows and 4 floors each, with 108 cages on each floor. Each cage is 105 cm long, 60 cm wide and 35 cm high. Based on 216 chickens per square meter, the whole chicken house can raise more than 30,000 chickens.
1.2 Cage doors and baffles
The cage door uses two spring-type vertical push doors for easy opening. Because each cage door is opened too large, the phenomenon of chicken running will occur during immunization. The cage door cooperates with the linkage adjustment plate, so that the chicken can not shake its head when eating, which effectively reduces the loss of feed, and statistics can save 2.3% of the feed. This linkage type lifting plate structure completely changes the original structure of one chicken cage, one adjusting plate and three adjusting bolts, which greatly saves labor. As the age increases, adjust the rocker at one end according to the required height to adjust the baffle of the chicken cage up and down as a whole.
1.3 Waterline
One of the prerequisites for the establishment of a farm is to have sufficient water resources. In order to improve water quality, the company uses deep groundwater below 30m. The groundwater is transported to the chicken house through a central water tower. Connect to an automatic dosing device before entering the chicken house. The automatic dosing device can adjust the concentration of the liquid medicine as required, which greatly improves the labor efficiency and reduces the waste of the liquid medicine. There is a pressurizer at the front end of each layer of chicken coop to adjust the water pressure to facilitate the flushing of the water pipe. There are 2 nipple drinkers and 1 cup drinker in each chicken cage on the second and third floors. A water cup is connected to the bottom of each nipple drinker to prevent the water from the chicks pecking the nipple from flowing to the manure belt, making the chicken manure more dry. There are only two nipple drinkers in each unit cage on the first and fourth floors.
1.4 Feed line
The entire feeding line is composed of four parts: feeding tanker, feeding tower, auger, and traveling carriage. It is completely automatic and does not require labor. The specific working process is as follows: The feeding tanker delivers the feed to the feed turret in time according to the demand according to the amount of remaining feed, and then the central control cabinet transmits the feed in the turret to the hopper of each train through the screw auger according to the set time. in. When the hopper of the last row of carriages is filled, the sensor probe will send a command to stop feeding after receiving the signal. Then the driving truck will start feeding according to the preset time, and there is a screeder at the bottom of each hopper to adjust the amount of feeding according to demand. When the vehicle runs to one end, the touch switch will be touched, and the touch switch will transmit the signal to the central control cabinet, and the control cabinet will issue a stop command to stop the vehicle automatically. Then the car will return automatically according to the set time. The number of feeding times per day is adjusted in time according to the age of the chickens. This is the case for the entire feeding system.
1.5 Light
The length of the light is very important to the sexual maturity of the laying hens. Since the chicken house is a fully enclosed house, the lighting is especially important. The house uses 8W energy-saving lamps with a light intensity of 15lx/㎡, 15 in each aisle, with an interval of 3m. The arrangement of high and low levels is adopted to avoid the phenomenon of poor light in the bottom layer, less exercise and more intake of weight, and excessive light in the upper layer. The illumination time is set in advance according to actual needs, and the central electric control cabinet automatically turns on and off.
1.6 Ventilation and heating
The ventilation of the chicken house is divided into three stages. The first is the spring and autumn stage, where the temperature is suitable, and neither wet curtains nor heating are needed. The second is the summer period. In summer, the temperature is generally higher, so wet curtain cooling is the mainstay in this period. The third is the winter period, where the temperature is low in winter, and heating is also needed. At this stage, ventilation and heat preservation are a contradictory relationship. Therefore, good ventilation in winter is very important.
1.7 Manure removal system
Chicken manure contains a lot of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which is a very valuable substance, but it is a headache in breeding. Fermentation of chicken manure produces ammonia, which deteriorates the environment in the chicken house, which can easily cause respiratory diseases in chickens. At the same time, chicken manure has a large water content, which is inconvenient to clean up and requires a lot of labor. The automatic manure removal system completely solves this problem. The manure belt is located under each layer of chicken coops. When cleaning manure, you only need to turn on the switch, and the chicken manure will fall on the conveyor belt through a section of the manure scraper along with the movement of the manure belt, and then be transported to the professional chicken manure transportation truck through the conveyor belt. It is pulled to the manure accumulation tank and returned to the field after fermentation treatment, which saves labor and reduces environmental damage.
- Feeding and Immunization
2.1 Feeding
The chicks have just arrived on the first day, you must ensure that you drink water, you can not feed but you must ensure that there is sufficient drinking water. Check for weak chickens. If necessary, you need to manually hold the chicken head and put it in the drinking fountain to teach you to drink water, repeat several times. The temperature is required to be between 34°C and 35.5°C, and the temperature difference between before and after the chicken house is not
More than two degrees. The raw material for the chicken opening is corn flour, which is stirred with nutrient solution and put into the material pan
In, adopt the principle of small quantity and many times. On the second day, the feed line and the start plate are fed at the same time
Feeding method so that the chicks learn to use the feed line to feed. Open at 6th and 7th day of age
Began to gradually change to pellets. Future feeding and management shall be in accordance with the feeding standards of Hailan brown layers
can.
2.2 Immunity
Prevention is more than cure is always our company’s principle, so immunity is very important. Immunization methods can be roughly divided into nose and eye drops, drinking water, injection, puncture, and aerosol.
2.2.1 Nose drops and eye drops
Operation method: (1) Before instilling the vaccine, fix the head of the vaccinated chicken in a horizontal state (one eye and nose are up, the other is down). And block the nostril facing the ground with your fingers, and drip the vaccine liquid into the opposite nostril (or eye). Generally, 1 to 2 drops are applied to each chicken, and the immune dose is 1 to 2 feathers. (2) After dropping the vaccine liquid into the eyes and nose, wait for a while. After confirming that the vaccine liquid is completely inhaled, the chicken can be released. (3) The dripping tip of the dripping bottle should not be in direct contact with the chicken body, and the distance from the eye or nostril is 0.5 ~ 1 cm. (4) If both nose drops and eye drops are operated at the same time, the order of operation is to instill the eyes first and then the nose.
2.2.2 Drinking water
Operation method: (1) Stop the water for 0.5h before drinking, wait until the water in the water pipe is completely consumed by the chicken, and then start adding medicine. (2) Dilute the medicine prepared in advance according to the requirements, and put it into the medicine dispenser to start adding medicine. (3) After the dosing is completed, the water is still stopped for 0.5h, and the water supply is started after the water in the water pipe is consumed.
2.2.3 Thorns
Operation method: The immunization personnel fixed the chicken’s feet with one hand, and gently spread the chicken’s wings with the other hand. The thumb lifted the feathers to expose the triangle area. The other person used a special vaccine needle to get the vaccine and pierce it vertically into the inside of the wings. In the wing membrane at the blood vessel. At the same time, you should pay attention to the following points: (1) The thorn seed position is in the center of the inner side of the chicken wing wing membrane, and it is strictly forbidden to penetrate into muscles, blood vessels, joints and other parts; (2) The vaccine solution must be soaked in the needle groove to ensure that the needle groove It is filled with liquid medicine; (3) The puncture needle should be pierced vertically downward; (4) The diluted vaccine should be used up within 1 hour.
2.2.4 Immunization program
There are different immunization programs in different places, and different immunization programs at different times.
- Test results and analysis
3.1 Survival rate
Because it is the first batch of breeding, many things are in the experimental stage. The company ordered a total of 120,000 Hylan Brown according to the market conditions and its own needs at the time. The mortality rate in the first week was relatively high, reaching 0.6%. The reason is that the young chickens are not adapted to the environment and management problems have caused many weak chickens to drink water in time and die from dehydration. After the first week, the chicks slowly adapt to the environment, and the mortality rate gradually decreases, reaching the lowest value in the fourth week. From the fourth week to the eleventh week, the mortality rate fluctuated little and remained in a low range. However, the mortality rate rose linearly after the eleventh week. This does not mean that there is a large-scale disease, but that there is a problem with drinking water. The reduction of 15 tons of water per day from the expected amount to about 10 tons cannot satisfy the normal intake of chickens. Coupled with the high stocking density, many chickens have developed colibacillosis, leading to a sharp increase in mortality. By the thirteenth turnover group, the mortality rate reached 5.6%, which is still a little bit behind the 2%~4% in the standard manual of Hailan laying hens. But if there is no water shortage, the mortality rate from the eleventh week is only 1.6%, which is not much different from the standard. This shows that under normal management conditions, the mortality rate of high-density breeding under automated equipment will not exceed the standard value.
3.2 Material-to-weight ratio
Too high or too low body weight in the brooding stage of chicks will cause mature hens to fail to reach the peak egg production. Therefore, body weight is an important indicator for the quality of chickens in the brooding stage, and the amount of feed is also very important. How to consume less feed while reaching the standard weight is a big problem. This involves many aspects, such as whether the equipment design is reasonable, whether the manual management is standardized, and so on. The average daily consumption before the 5th week is slightly lower than the standard, and the average consumption after the 5th week is slightly higher than the standard. However, in terms of average daily gain, daily gain has always been slightly higher than the standard weight. In this way, the overall consumption of materials is higher than the standard and the cost is higher, but it is not. Before the thirteenth week of age, the body weight is slightly higher than the standard weight, which is beneficial to recover the impact of the transfer on the chicks as soon as possible and avoid the impact on the laying period. Therefore, it is beneficial to consume more feed during the growing period.
4 Conclusion
Automated equipment has advantages over mechanized equipment in many aspects, such as mortality, morbidity, material-to-weight ratio and other indicators than ordinary equipment. Practice has proved that the use of fully automated equipment increases the production level of chickens by 8%, reduces the rate of dead chickens by 6 percentage points, increases labor productivity by 30%, reduces the cost of raising chickens by 8-10%, and lays eggs in one production cycle. Increased by 19%, the average egg production reached 21.5kg, an increase of 3.5kg compared with semi-automated breeding; 100,000 laying hens, an increase of 350,000 kg of egg production, calculated at 7.6 yuan/kg, an increase of 2.66 million yuan in revenue; fully automatic Breeding reduces feed consumption, saving 0.01kg of feed per day, and saving 365,000 kg of feed per 100,000 laying hens. The feed is calculated at 3 yuan/kg, which saves 1.095 million yuan in feed costs; the dead-washing rate is 6 percentage points lower than that of semi-automatic breeding. Reduce the loss by 180,000 yuan; Because the fully automated breeding environment is constant, the cost of veterinary drugs is saved by 1.1 yuan, and 100,000 laying hens are saved by 110,000 yuan; 30 labors are saved, and the average annual salary is 30,000 yuan. The average annual saving for 30 people Salary cost 900,000 yuan; year save 300,000 yuan in capital investment for conveyor belts; the above items total 5.245 million yuan in cost savings and efficiency gains.
