Automatic control is an important aspect in which microcomputers (microcomputers: host + mobile equipment) exert their powerful functions. Due to the rapid development of microcomputer server, sensor technology and mechanical transmission technology, the automatic control of the environment in the chicken house, feed and water supply, weight monitoring, etc., and the automatic control system of the environment in the chicken house have been successfully realized.
- The importance of automatic control of the environment in the chicken house is described:
- The automatic control system of the environment in the chicken house. In the production of chickens (especially in the production of broilers), the automatic control of the environmental conditions in the chicken house is successful.
For example, in a farm in northern Italy, 3 new closed broiler houses were built, each 150 meters long and 16 meters wide, capable of raising 3,000 broilers (the slaughter weight is about 2.5 kg/bird). Many sensitive temperature and humidity sensors are installed inside and outside the chicken house to continuously monitor the temperature and humidity environment inside and outside the house. There is a miniature weather station in the chicken farm to predict the wind direction, wind speed and rainfall outside. These information are all transmitted to the programmable logic controller (PLC) or microprocessor in the chicken house. The controller makes a judgment based on the age and density of the chickens, and outputs control signals, which act on the mechanical transmission system and control the fans and windows. , Heaters and cooling systems, etc., to keep the environmental conditions in the chicken house within the most suitable range as much as possible, and also reduce energy consumption.
The management staff can set or modify the best environmental goals and allowable ranges that need to be achieved at any time before or during the breeding process. For example, the temperature control of broiler chickens is 33°C for 1 day of age, 31°C for 2 to 7 days of age, and then lowers 1°C every 2 days until it drops to 24 to 25°C. There are two heating systems in the chicken house, one is the main heating system and the other is the backup system. The temperature setting of the backup system should be 2°C lower, so that when the main system fails or the heating is insufficient, the backup system starts immediately.
There are 34 fans in the chicken house, each with a ventilation volume of 10,000 cubic meters per hour. These fans are divided into 5 groups, and each fan has 4 wind speeds, which can constitute 20 different ventilation methods. When the sensor in the chicken house senses a change in the temperature and humidity environment, the central controller can respond according to the built-in program and decide which fans to turn on and the wind speed, so that the temperature and humidity in the house will gradually return to normal.
In a hot environment, a wet curtain cooling system is required in the chicken house. The central controller controls the speed and range of cooling in the house by opening the cooling system and opening and closing the windows. When the microcomputer performs automatic environmental control, it comprehensively controls the heating, ventilation and cooling systems. When the cooling system starts, the air inlets of other ventilation systems are automatically closed. When the temperature in the house is higher than 29℃ and the relative humidity is lower than 75%, the cooling system starts to work. And when the temperature inside the house exceeds 24℃, the relative humidity outside the house is lower than 40%, and the relative humidity inside the house is less than 75%, the cooling system must be activated to prevent the humidity inside the house from being too low.
The above-mentioned automatic control system can be easily converted to manual control to prevent the failure of the microcomputer system and cause the environment to lose control. In terms of environmental control in the house, the automatic control of lighting is the simplest and most popular. In the microcomputer system, a special program can be designed to automatically control the lighting time and intensity, or it can be completed by a separate automatic lighting controller. In our country, many companies have produced automatic lighting controllers, which are widely used in adult chickens and reserve chickens. In the feeding management.
The two products currently developed by the company, “Han-Tang 10+ Environmental Monitoring System”, “Livestock and Poultry Environmental Intelligent Management System”, and “Farm Farm Production Information Collection Management System” have obtained national utility model patents. Combined with management software, the data-based production of pasture is truly realized, thereby improving the degree of refinement in agricultural and pastoral production, liberating the labor cost in agricultural and pastoral production, and tapping the profit potential of pasture. Comprehensive energy saving and consumption reduction of more than 10% can effectively reduce the incidence of diseases and reduce the cost of medicines. The temperature difference between different areas of the poultry house is ≤2℃, which meets European standards. It improves production efficiency and increases profits. The long-neglected drinking water system is effectively monitored to avoid losses. The information data system helps users to breed scientifically.
- Other automatic control
(1) Control of feeding amount
The computer can control the daily supply of feed, the feeding process, and monitor the amount of stock in the feed tower. Each time it is fed, the hopper will release a certain amount of feed according to the program control and enter the bin and automatic feeder. The feed circulates in the chicken house twice along the feeder within the specified time. A sensor is installed on the feeder to detect whether there is feed in the trough and the operation of the feeder. The control system will automatically adjust the feeding time and feeding according to the feeding situation and the entire feeding plan. the amount.
(2) Control of drinking water
The electronic water meter is used to monitor the water volume, and the electric valve is used to adjust the drinking time and volume. If you want to add drugs or other soluble substances into the drinking water, the control system can be controlled by the dosing pump on the water inlet pipe.
(3) Weight monitoring
When raising on the ground, a special weighing scale can be used to measure the weight of a chicken standing on it and transfer it to the central controller for recording. If litter or feces fall on the ground scale, it will not affect its measurement, because it will automatically return to zero before each measurement. If several chickens step on the scale at the same time, the control program will automatically recognize these abnormal data and eliminate them. A small crane is used to move the position in the house and measure the weight of several chickens in each position. The weight data of a representative sample can be obtained without manual and disturbing the chickens.
- Central control
The control system of each chicken house is connected to the central computer of the chicken farm office, which can reflect the environmental conditions in the chicken house and the dynamics of the chickens at any time. The computer system can also be connected to a portable alarm, which is brought by the chicken farm manager, and can report to the manager in time when an abnormal situation occurs in the chicken house. In addition, through a modem and a telephone, it is possible to contact the farmer’s home tens of kilometers away, so that the farmer can always know what is happening in the chicken farm when it is at home, and can also contact The farmer issued an alarm. By connecting to the network, the working conditions of the various chicken houses of the entire chicken farm can be collected to the central computer, and the relevant information is continuously displayed on the monitor screen, and is regularly stored in the disk for long-term preservation. In the chicken farm office, you can see the number and position of the fans and windows of each building, the working conditions of the heater and the cooling system, as well as the temperature, relative humidity, light time and intensity, consumption of materials and drinking water in the house. General Information. The program of each building can be modified at any time on the central computer. In the event of abnormal conditions, such as abnormal temperature, water shortage, or feed supply failure, the computer will respond according to the program and alert the manager.
The computer system can not only complete the above-mentioned automatic control work, but also calculate performance indicators such as feed consumption, average weight and uniformity, and feed conversion rate on a regular basis, and compare and analyze with production standards and past production conditions. Furthermore, combined with economic parameters such as feed price, chicken cost and labor expenditure, the cumulative production cost can also be calculated to provide reliable information for production economic decision-making.
When the microcomputer automatic control system is applied in the chicken house, the durability and applicability of the system should be considered. Since chicken production is a continuous process and the environmental conditions in the house vary greatly, the entire control system must be solid and durable, and have strong tolerance to the common heat, cold, high humidity, and dust in the house. Sex. In addition, power consumption should be low, and emergency measures should be taken in case of power failure. In terms of the control of the environment in the chicken house, it is sometimes considered to automatically control the concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide in the air. From a technical point of view, automatic control in this area is feasible. However, because ammonia and carbon dioxide sensors are quite expensive (approximately US$1,000 each), and are relatively susceptible to fluctuations due to the influence of temperature and humidity, airflow and other gases, which affect the accuracy of measurement, they are rarely obtained in actual production. application. In fact, because the relative humidity is closely related to the concentration of ammonia in the air, as long as the relative humidity is accurately controlled, the concentration of harmful gases in the house can basically be guaranteed not to reach an excessively high level.
